CCCP simply requires the user to announce the checksum to the other party-the system automatically transcribes the spoken checksum and performs the comparison. We introduce Closed Captioning Crypto Phones (CCCP), that remove the human user from the loop of checksum comparison by utilizing speech transcription. Further, human errors under benign settings undermine usability since legitimate calls would often need to be rejected.

However, research shows that both tasks are prone to human errors making Crypto Phones highly vulnerable to MITM attacks, especially to data MITM given the prominence of these attacks. They require end users to perform: (1) checksum comparison to detect traditional data-based man-in-the-middle (data MITM) attacks, and, optionally, (2) speaker verification to detect sophisticated voice-based man-in-the-middle (voice MITM) attacks. Crypto Phones aim to establish end-to-end secure voice (and text) communications based on human-centric (usually) short checksum validation.

What is cccp